Monday, May 30, 2011
LEARN C IN 24 HOURS
BELOW IS PDF WHICH WILL HELP YOU IN ITP WITHIN 24 HOUR, BUT AGAIN IT'LL NOT MAKE YOU LEARN IT MAGICALLY YOU HAVE TO READ IN THE TIME ALLOTTED,
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IF IT DOESN'T HELP, THEN JUST MUG UP THE PROGRAMS BELOW
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IF IT DOESN'T HELP, THEN JUST MUG UP THE PROGRAMS BELOW
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Thursday, May 19, 2011
ALL IMPORTANT ITP PROGRAMS
THIS .DOC FILE INCLUDES ALL THE IMPORTANT PROGRAMS OF LOOP, MATRIX FUNCTIONS, STRUCTURE.........
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Wednesday, May 18, 2011
PREVIOUS YEAR END TERM QUESTION PAPERS
The .rar file below includes all the question papers of previous year end terms.........the link is free from TRAFFIC, ADS AND WAITING......
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Saturday, April 2, 2011
MECHANICS ASSIGNMENT SOLVED (TO BE SUBMITTED ON MONDAY)
Solved mechanics moment of inertia assignment......
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Mechanics assignment solved
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Friday, April 1, 2011
ITP ASSIGNMENT(TO BE SUBMITTED ON MONDAY)
HERES THE ASSIGNMENT YOU CAN DOWNLOAD IT FROM THE FOLLOWING LINK
Itp assignment
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Sunday, March 27, 2011
C INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
1)What is C language?
The C programming language is a standardized programming language
developed in the early 1970s by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie for
use on the UNIX operating system. It has since spread to many other
operating systems, and is one of the most widely used programming
languages. C is prized for its efficiency, and is the most popular
programming language for writing system software, though it is also
used for writing applications.
printf() Function
2)What is the output of printf("%d")?
1. When we write printf("%d",x); this means compiler will print the
value of x. But as here, there is nothing after %d so compiler will show
in output window garbage value.
2. When we use %d the compiler internally uses it to access the
argument in the stack (argument stack). Ideally compiler determines
the offset of the data variable depending on the format specification
string. Now when we write printf("%d",a) then compiler first accesses
the top most element in the argument stack of the printf which is %d
and depending on the format string it calculated to offset to the actual
data variable in the memory which is to be printed. Now when only %d
will be present in the printf then compiler will calculate the correct
offset (which will be the offset to access the integer variable) but as
the actual data object is to be printed is not present at that memory
location so it will print what ever will be the contents of that memory
location.
3. Some compilers check the format string and will generate an error
without the proper number and type of arguments for things like
printf(...) and scanf(...).
3) What will be printed as the result of the operation below:
The C programming language is a standardized programming language
developed in the early 1970s by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie for
use on the UNIX operating system. It has since spread to many other
operating systems, and is one of the most widely used programming
languages. C is prized for its efficiency, and is the most popular
programming language for writing system software, though it is also
used for writing applications.
printf() Function
2)What is the output of printf("%d")?
1. When we write printf("%d",x); this means compiler will print the
value of x. But as here, there is nothing after %d so compiler will show
in output window garbage value.
2. When we use %d the compiler internally uses it to access the
argument in the stack (argument stack). Ideally compiler determines
the offset of the data variable depending on the format specification
string. Now when we write printf("%d",a) then compiler first accesses
the top most element in the argument stack of the printf which is %d
and depending on the format string it calculated to offset to the actual
data variable in the memory which is to be printed. Now when only %d
will be present in the printf then compiler will calculate the correct
offset (which will be the offset to access the integer variable) but as
the actual data object is to be printed is not present at that memory
location so it will print what ever will be the contents of that memory
location.
3. Some compilers check the format string and will generate an error
without the proper number and type of arguments for things like
printf(...) and scanf(...).
3) What will be printed as the result of the operation below:
main()
{
int x=20,y=35;
x=y++ + x++;
y= ++y + ++x;
printf(“%d%dn”,x,y);
}
Answer : 5794
4) What will be printed as the result of the operation below:main()
{
int x=5;
printf(“%d,%d,%dn”,x,x< <2,x>>2);
}
Answer: 5,20,1
5)What will be the result of the following code?
#define TRUE 0 // some code
while(TRUE)
{
// some code
}
Answer: This will not go into the loop as TRUE is defined as 0.
6)What will be printed as the result of the operation below:
int x;
int modifyvalue()
{
return(x+=10);
}
int changevalue(int x)
{
return(x+=1);
}
void main()
{
int x=10;
x++;
changevalue(x);
x++;
modifyvalue();
printf("First output:%dn",x);
x++;
changevalue(x);
printf("Second output:%dn",x);
modifyvalue();
printf("Third output:%dn",x);
}
Answer: 12 , 13 , 13
7)What will be printed as the result of the operation below:
main()
{
int x=10, y=15;
x = x++;
y = ++y;
printf(“%d %dn”,x,y);
}
Answer: 11, 16
8)What will be printed as the result of the operation below:
main()
{
int a=0;
if(a==0)
printf(“Cisco Systemsn”);
printf(“Cisco Systemsn”);
}
Answer: Two lines with “Cisco Systems” will be printed.
9)What is inheritance?
Inheritance allows one class to reuse the state and behavior of another class. The derived class inherits the properties and method implementations of the base class and extends it by overriding methods and adding additional properties and methods.
10)What is Polymorphism??
Polymorphism allows a client to treat different objects in the same way even if they were created from different classes and exhibit different behaviors.
You can use implementation inheritance to achieve polymorphism in languages such as C++ and Java.
Base class object's pointer can invoke methods in derived class objects.
You can also achieve polymorphism in C++ by function overloading and operator overloading.
11)What is constructor or ctor?
Constructor creates an object and initializes it. It also creates vtable for virtual functions. It is different from other methods in a class.
12)What is destructor?
Destructor usually deletes any extra resources allocated by the object.
13)What is default constructor?
Constructor with no arguments or all the arguments has default values.
14)What is copy constructor?
Constructor which initializes the it's object member variables ( by shallow copying) with another object of the same class. If you don't implement one in your class then compiler implements one for you.
for example:
Boo Obj1(10); // calling Boo constructor
Boo Obj2(Obj1); // calling boo copy constructor
Boo Obj2 = Obj1;// calling boo copy constructor
14)When are copy constructors called?
Copy constructors are called in following cases:
a) when a function returns an object of that class by value
b) when the object of that class is passed by value as an argument to a function
c) when you construct an object based on another object of the same class
d) When compiler generates a temporary object
Sunday, March 20, 2011
COMMUNICATION SKILLS NOTES
What is Body Language?
Ans. It is the communication of personal feelings, emotions, attitudes, thoughts through body movements – gestures, postures, facial expression, walking styles, position and distance – either consciously or involuntarily, more often subconsciously, and accompanied or unaccompanied by the spoken language.
The relation between the three main elements of communication; the verbal, the vocal, and the visual has been established by scientists in this way –
Verbal 7%
Vocal 38%
Visual 55%
Thus the visual is the most controllable and yet perhaps the most unconscious element of the message from sender to receiver.
VOICE– It is an extraordinary human attribute. Our voice reveals our gender, age, background, level of education, emotional state etc. It has 3 chacteristics. Tone, volume, and pitch. tone is the quality of the voice. Volume is loudness or softness. Pitch is the high or low note of scale.
SILENCE – It is a tactful means of communications it may indicate several things. The terms ‘dead silence’, ‘stony silence’, ‘embarrassing silence’, show that silence has a multiple meanings. It means different things in different cultures.
FACIAL EXPRESSION – It is an obvious communicative factor. It influences many people. Several expression of face convey meanings even before we speak. A cheerful face, a gloomy face, are some of the communicative examples.
EYE CONTACT – It is a difficult form of communication. The comfort level of the eye contact is 3 seconds. Anything beyond that amounts to staring. Persons with lack of self confidence often avoid eye contact.
GESTURES – gestures are the movements of hand and body, they are natural and act as conjunction to verbal communication. They are used to emphasize or clarify a verbal message. they display our emotions while expressing a message.
POSTURE – It is the way we hold ourselves The way we sit, stand or hold our body contributes a lot communication
Graceful posture is a great asset in any profession.
SPACE – The amount of space we keep with different people communicates our closeness to that person. The space of offices, a large office desk, a big car also suggest a position of importance.
TIME – Our use of time is an even more subtle non-verbal factor of communication. Time managements creates an impression of efficiency.
ENERGY – This aspect is hard to describe but easier to spot. People of high energy levels manage to create an atmosphere charged with enthusiasm and motivates other to do so. The high energy could be in in the form of intellectual, Spiritual or emotional energy. State of physical and mental health plays a big role in it.
CLOTHING – This creates the first impression of the people and is a powerful source of communication. It depends on colour, cut, fit, fabric etc.appropriateness o for the season and occasion is important.
APPEARANCE – Besides clothing other factors like appearance and hygiene plays an important role in positive communication. Personal hygiene and neatness, care of nails, hair , accessories like tie, belt, jewellery etc. contributes a lot to make a good impression. What ever you wear should be graceful and comfortable.
Although the letter is the most common form of written comm., We frequently overlook it’s importance. It stands as a test of one’s ability to think clearly and to use language effectively. Effective writings does not come by chance. It is a skill that can be developed. Some of the principles of effective writing are –
Promptness – As a rule, respond to the letter the day it is received .Otherwise you can acknowledge the letter and indicate how soon you can reply.
Accuracy – To be accurate you should check and double check you facts, figures, words, language, and tone. correct use of punctuation and grammar should be used. Instead of writing tomorrow or today the date should be mentioned.
Brevity - Don’t overload your letter with irrelevant details. Brevity consists in saying what needs to be said. Being brief does not mean saying lesser than what the occasion demands. Brevity is not to be achieved at the cost of clarity.
Clarity – Clarity of language and tone is important in written comm. Our letter should be in positive language. Too many ‘sorry’ or ‘no’, ‘don’t’ should be avoided. correct spellings and caution in using homonyms should be exercised.
Salesmanship – Every letter going from your desk should be the ambassador of your firm. It must carry a message and enhance your reputation.
‘You’ attitude – Write your letter by keeping in mind the receiver. Avoid I’s or we’s.
Essentials of effective writing
The Qualities necessary for business writings are called are called the four C’s of communications. They are Correctness,Clarity, Conciseness and courtesy.The other related qualities are completeness coherence, confidence and consideration.
Correctness- A letter must be correct in every respect.
1. In spelling, grammar and the use of language.
2.In appearance and form of the layout.
3. In the information it conveys.
4.In tone formality and style.
Clarity—The message must be clear in the first reading.Clarity depends upon five factors:
1. Language must be simple
2.Sentences should be small.
3. Punctuation should be proper.
4. Words should give concrete details.
5. Logical sequence of ideas .
Courtesy-Courtesy is consideration for other people’s feelings.Some
of the rules of courtesy are-
Use of words like Please, Thank you & sorry etc.
Opening the letter with polite words
Showing sympathy when required
Be attentive and prompt in replying the letter.
Conciseness-This means expressing in few words. That is writing
Should be precise and to the point.
1. Leave out unnecessary words
2. Leaving out unnecessary details
Heading
Date
Reference
Inside address
Attention or Subject
Salutation
Body
Complimentary close
Signature
Identification marks
Enclosures
ACCURACY – all the facts mentioned should be accurate and demonstrated with the help of graphs, charts, pictogram etc.
RELEVANCE – The facts presented should be relevant and not left out. It should not mislead the reader.
READER ORIENTED – It is necessary that it is kept in mind the person for whom the report is meant.
RECOMMENDATION – they should be impartial without revealing any self-interest.
SIMPLE LANGUAGE – It should be in simple language free from poetic phrases.
BREVITY –It should be brief but not achieved at the cost of clarity.headings and subheadings should be included.
GRAMMATICAL ACCURACY -- . It should use language that is concise concrete and grammatically correct.
To give information about a company’s activity, progress, plans and problems.
To record events for future reference.
To recommend specific action.
To justify and persuade readers about the need for action in controversial situations.
To present facts to the management to help decide the direction the business should choose.
Title page
Acknowledgment
Table of contents
Executive summary
Introduction
Description
Conclusion
Recommendations
Appendix
List of references
Bibliography
Glossary
Index
What is Public speaking?
Public speaking is the process of speaking to a group of people in a structured,
deliberate manner intended to inform, influence, or entertain the listeners.
The art and science of public speaking is also known as forensics. The word "forensic“
is an adjective meaning "of public debate or argument." The word is derived
from the Latin forensic, meaning "of the forum."
Clarity –clear and simple
Completeness –planned and structured
Conciseness – brief and non repetitive
Concreteness –specific and definite
Correctness – grammatically correct
Courtesy - manner full
What? – What do you want to communicate? What are the facts and figure?
Why? – Why should the audience listen?
When? – When should I stop?
How? – How can I convey my message?
Where? –The venue of the speech and the dimension of the hall.
Whom? - What kind of audience?The number of people.
He does not get time for written preparation.In this the speaker quickly determines the
central idea, main points and supporting material.
2. Memorized Delivery Most of the speeches in business are not memorised. In this
form the speaker plans his speech before hand and memorises it.
3. Extempore Delivery In this the speaker is given a few minutes to prepare where he
writes down the points on cards or paper.the points are written in main phrases, titles &
Subtitles.
4. Manuscript Delivery It is the most formal form of speech. Where every detail is
given and read out word to word in the speech.
Presenttation
A clear structure with an introduction, discussion, and end
Facts and figures are visually represented in tables graphs and charts
Different colours are used to make it more attractive
Humour and anecdotes are often employed to crate good atmosphere
Questions are regarded seriously and given equal attention
As a presenter, you should think and plan the following-
Identify your purpose
Analyze your audience
Identify the need
Lay out the information
Design your com.
Time your presentation
Decide on the visual aids
Study the location
Presentation has three major elements-
Presenter
Audience
Specific content /objective
A presentation is a particular mode of comm. which requires communicating with a group of people with specific objective. (conveying a message, informing, exchanging ideas, or persuation are some of the objectives.)As a presentator it is necessary that you plan and follow some rules before proceeding-
Identify your purpose- First ask your self why are you giving the presentation? Your purpose may be to sell something, to persuade, to inform, to gain support, to suggest some changes,to gather people’s view’s, to seek a solution for a problem, to create awareness, to share information, to motivate, to educate, or to impart training.Having identified your objective , outline it in a single line, and then proceed. This way you are more focused on you target.
Identify the need of the audience
Try to determine what information the audience needs.whether they are your fellow students, professors, local business people, or your friends.In some cases the level of information might be high , while in others it may be low. Design your presentation accordingly. Don’t tell them everything you know, but what they should know.
Collate your Information
Now you must collect your information by keeping in mind your target audience and purpose.These two things will guide your presentation and delivery. The normal order of any presentation is to first list the main ideas and then elaborate your points.
Design you presentation
The sequence to be followed now is-
Introduction 3min.
Main body 15min
Conclusion 2min.
Question and answers 10min.
Introduction introduces the subject, without giving the details.Main body is devoted to informing the audience. This includes findings analysis, data etc.Conclusion includes your opinion and future outlook.Discussion needs to be focused. Prepare for anticipated question before hand.
Time and aids used
The total presentation including the Ques.& ans. Session should be covered within the time frame.Decide the audio visual aids to be used. Through the visual aids we connect better with the audience and keep their interest alive in the presentation.It also increases the effectiveness of the communication.different kinds of visual aids can be-
Board- Black or white
Flip chart
Overhead projector
Power point software/LCD
Body Language
Since presentation is a live performance, non verbal skills play a big role in it.we have already studied the power of body language.Hence a great deal of attention Should be given to these things-
Appearance(clothes, hygiene)
Posture (body shape)
Eye-contact (roaming not fixed)
Gesture(hand and shoulder movement)
Movement (not fixed, but at ease)
Smiling face( relaxed)
PRESENTATION SKILLS
A presentation is a live mode of sharing information with select audience. It is form of oral communication in which a person shares factual information with particular audience.We can define presentations as an oral activity using visual electronics aids such as (OHP, LCD) to discuss new ideas and information with a specific audience in an impressive and convincing manner.Presentation is different from a class room lecture. Lecture is an interactive activity and a two way communication with possible interruptions, but presentations are one way initially. The audience sits through listening, watching, and taking notes.Here the presenter is focused more in persuading the audience to buy his idea or information.A presentation has a well defined format, where the audience is invited to ask the questions or seek clarification only at the end of the presentation.
Ans. It is the communication of personal feelings, emotions, attitudes, thoughts through body movements – gestures, postures, facial expression, walking styles, position and distance – either consciously or involuntarily, more often subconsciously, and accompanied or unaccompanied by the spoken language.
The relation between the three main elements of communication; the verbal, the vocal, and the visual has been established by scientists in this way –
Verbal 7%
Vocal 38%
Visual 55%
Thus the visual is the most controllable and yet perhaps the most unconscious element of the message from sender to receiver.
Characteristics of Body Language
VOICE– It is an extraordinary human attribute. Our voice reveals our gender, age, background, level of education, emotional state etc. It has 3 chacteristics. Tone, volume, and pitch. tone is the quality of the voice. Volume is loudness or softness. Pitch is the high or low note of scale.
SILENCE – It is a tactful means of communications it may indicate several things. The terms ‘dead silence’, ‘stony silence’, ‘embarrassing silence’, show that silence has a multiple meanings. It means different things in different cultures.
FACIAL EXPRESSION – It is an obvious communicative factor. It influences many people. Several expression of face convey meanings even before we speak. A cheerful face, a gloomy face, are some of the communicative examples.
EYE CONTACT – It is a difficult form of communication. The comfort level of the eye contact is 3 seconds. Anything beyond that amounts to staring. Persons with lack of self confidence often avoid eye contact.
GESTURES – gestures are the movements of hand and body, they are natural and act as conjunction to verbal communication. They are used to emphasize or clarify a verbal message. they display our emotions while expressing a message.
POSTURE – It is the way we hold ourselves The way we sit, stand or hold our body contributes a lot communication
Graceful posture is a great asset in any profession.
SPACE – The amount of space we keep with different people communicates our closeness to that person. The space of offices, a large office desk, a big car also suggest a position of importance.
TIME – Our use of time is an even more subtle non-verbal factor of communication. Time managements creates an impression of efficiency.
ENERGY – This aspect is hard to describe but easier to spot. People of high energy levels manage to create an atmosphere charged with enthusiasm and motivates other to do so. The high energy could be in in the form of intellectual, Spiritual or emotional energy. State of physical and mental health plays a big role in it.
CLOTHING – This creates the first impression of the people and is a powerful source of communication. It depends on colour, cut, fit, fabric etc.appropriateness o for the season and occasion is important.
APPEARANCE – Besides clothing other factors like appearance and hygiene plays an important role in positive communication. Personal hygiene and neatness, care of nails, hair , accessories like tie, belt, jewellery etc. contributes a lot to make a good impression. What ever you wear should be graceful and comfortable.
Letters
Essentials of LetterAlthough the letter is the most common form of written comm., We frequently overlook it’s importance. It stands as a test of one’s ability to think clearly and to use language effectively. Effective writings does not come by chance. It is a skill that can be developed. Some of the principles of effective writing are –
Promptness – As a rule, respond to the letter the day it is received .Otherwise you can acknowledge the letter and indicate how soon you can reply.
Accuracy – To be accurate you should check and double check you facts, figures, words, language, and tone. correct use of punctuation and grammar should be used. Instead of writing tomorrow or today the date should be mentioned.
Brevity - Don’t overload your letter with irrelevant details. Brevity consists in saying what needs to be said. Being brief does not mean saying lesser than what the occasion demands. Brevity is not to be achieved at the cost of clarity.
Clarity – Clarity of language and tone is important in written comm. Our letter should be in positive language. Too many ‘sorry’ or ‘no’, ‘don’t’ should be avoided. correct spellings and caution in using homonyms should be exercised.
Salesmanship – Every letter going from your desk should be the ambassador of your firm. It must carry a message and enhance your reputation.
‘You’ attitude – Write your letter by keeping in mind the receiver. Avoid I’s or we’s.
Essentials of effective writing
The Qualities necessary for business writings are called are called the four C’s of communications. They are Correctness,Clarity, Conciseness and courtesy.The other related qualities are completeness coherence, confidence and consideration.
Correctness- A letter must be correct in every respect.
1. In spelling, grammar and the use of language.
2.In appearance and form of the layout.
3. In the information it conveys.
4.In tone formality and style.
Clarity—The message must be clear in the first reading.Clarity depends upon five factors:
1. Language must be simple
2.Sentences should be small.
3. Punctuation should be proper.
4. Words should give concrete details.
5. Logical sequence of ideas .
Courtesy-Courtesy is consideration for other people’s feelings.Some
of the rules of courtesy are-
Use of words like Please, Thank you & sorry etc.
Opening the letter with polite words
Showing sympathy when required
Be attentive and prompt in replying the letter.
Conciseness-This means expressing in few words. That is writing
Should be precise and to the point.
1. Leave out unnecessary words
2. Leaving out unnecessary details
Structure of a letter
The following elements usually constitute the structure of a letter - Heading
Date
Reference
Inside address
Attention or Subject
Salutation
Body
Complimentary close
Signature
Identification marks
Enclosures
REPORT WRITING
DEFINITION –The word report is derived from Latin word ‘reportare’ which means to carry back.It is therefore a description of event carried back to someone who was not present on the scene. In short it is an assigned communication for a purpose and is meant for specific reader. Hence a report is a formal communication written for a specific purpose; it includes a description of procedures followed for collection and analysis of data, their significance, the conclusions drawn from them, and recommendations if required. They are of two types- formal and informal.It can be in a type of letter , memo, news item, periodic, routine, progress showing, lab reports or a proper format in detail form.CHARECTERISTICS OF A REPORT
PRECISION – The writer should be very clear about the exact purpose of the report.ACCURACY – all the facts mentioned should be accurate and demonstrated with the help of graphs, charts, pictogram etc.
RELEVANCE – The facts presented should be relevant and not left out. It should not mislead the reader.
READER ORIENTED – It is necessary that it is kept in mind the person for whom the report is meant.
RECOMMENDATION – they should be impartial without revealing any self-interest.
SIMPLE LANGUAGE – It should be in simple language free from poetic phrases.
BREVITY –It should be brief but not achieved at the cost of clarity.headings and subheadings should be included.
GRAMMATICAL ACCURACY -- . It should use language that is concise concrete and grammatically correct.
PURPOSE OF A REPORT
It is primarily a source of information to the management to help in decision making, so its purpose isTo give information about a company’s activity, progress, plans and problems.
To record events for future reference.
To recommend specific action.
To justify and persuade readers about the need for action in controversial situations.
To present facts to the management to help decide the direction the business should choose.
STRUCTURE OF A REPORT
CoverTitle page
Acknowledgment
Table of contents
Executive summary
Introduction
Description
Conclusion
Recommendations
Appendix
List of references
Bibliography
Glossary
Index
Public Speaking
It is a formal or an informal talk which the speaker delivers in front of an audience. The talk or speech should be meaningful, appealing, and appropriate as per the occasion.The audience may be large or small, invited by an open notice/invitation.The speech may be lengthy or short, emotive or matter of fact, well illustrated or suggestive.Public speaking is a skill which can be mastered with practice. It requires preparation and formal presentation and strong communicative skills.What is Public speaking?
Public speaking is the process of speaking to a group of people in a structured,
deliberate manner intended to inform, influence, or entertain the listeners.
The art and science of public speaking is also known as forensics. The word "forensic“
is an adjective meaning "of public debate or argument." The word is derived
from the Latin forensic, meaning "of the forum."
Characteristics of a good speech
Candidness –honest and sincereClarity –clear and simple
Completeness –planned and structured
Conciseness – brief and non repetitive
Concreteness –specific and definite
Correctness – grammatically correct
Courtesy - manner full
Steps for Preparing a Speech
Six cardinal question should be kept in mind while preparing for a public speechWhat? – What do you want to communicate? What are the facts and figure?
Why? – Why should the audience listen?
When? – When should I stop?
How? – How can I convey my message?
Where? –The venue of the speech and the dimension of the hall.
Whom? - What kind of audience?The number of people.
Types Of Speeches—
1. Impromptu Delivery In this speaker has to organize his speech quickly and promptly.He does not get time for written preparation.In this the speaker quickly determines the
central idea, main points and supporting material.
2. Memorized Delivery Most of the speeches in business are not memorised. In this
form the speaker plans his speech before hand and memorises it.
3. Extempore Delivery In this the speaker is given a few minutes to prepare where he
writes down the points on cards or paper.the points are written in main phrases, titles &
Subtitles.
4. Manuscript Delivery It is the most formal form of speech. Where every detail is
given and read out word to word in the speech.
Presenttation
ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS
A good presentation has the following characteristics—A clear structure with an introduction, discussion, and end
Facts and figures are visually represented in tables graphs and charts
Different colours are used to make it more attractive
Humour and anecdotes are often employed to crate good atmosphere
Questions are regarded seriously and given equal attention
As a presenter, you should think and plan the following-
Identify your purpose
Analyze your audience
Identify the need
Lay out the information
Design your com.
Time your presentation
Decide on the visual aids
Study the location
How to prepare Presentation
Presentation has three major elements-
Presenter
Audience
Specific content /objective
A presentation is a particular mode of comm. which requires communicating with a group of people with specific objective. (conveying a message, informing, exchanging ideas, or persuation are some of the objectives.)As a presentator it is necessary that you plan and follow some rules before proceeding-
Identify your purpose- First ask your self why are you giving the presentation? Your purpose may be to sell something, to persuade, to inform, to gain support, to suggest some changes,to gather people’s view’s, to seek a solution for a problem, to create awareness, to share information, to motivate, to educate, or to impart training.Having identified your objective , outline it in a single line, and then proceed. This way you are more focused on you target.
Identify the need of the audience
Try to determine what information the audience needs.whether they are your fellow students, professors, local business people, or your friends.In some cases the level of information might be high , while in others it may be low. Design your presentation accordingly. Don’t tell them everything you know, but what they should know.
Collate your Information
Now you must collect your information by keeping in mind your target audience and purpose.These two things will guide your presentation and delivery. The normal order of any presentation is to first list the main ideas and then elaborate your points.
Design you presentation
The sequence to be followed now is-
Introduction 3min.
Main body 15min
Conclusion 2min.
Question and answers 10min.
Introduction introduces the subject, without giving the details.Main body is devoted to informing the audience. This includes findings analysis, data etc.Conclusion includes your opinion and future outlook.Discussion needs to be focused. Prepare for anticipated question before hand.
Time and aids used
The total presentation including the Ques.& ans. Session should be covered within the time frame.Decide the audio visual aids to be used. Through the visual aids we connect better with the audience and keep their interest alive in the presentation.It also increases the effectiveness of the communication.different kinds of visual aids can be-
Board- Black or white
Flip chart
Overhead projector
Power point software/LCD
Body Language
Since presentation is a live performance, non verbal skills play a big role in it.we have already studied the power of body language.Hence a great deal of attention Should be given to these things-
Appearance(clothes, hygiene)
Posture (body shape)
Eye-contact (roaming not fixed)
Gesture(hand and shoulder movement)
Movement (not fixed, but at ease)
Smiling face( relaxed)
PRESENTATION SKILLS
A presentation is a live mode of sharing information with select audience. It is form of oral communication in which a person shares factual information with particular audience.We can define presentations as an oral activity using visual electronics aids such as (OHP, LCD) to discuss new ideas and information with a specific audience in an impressive and convincing manner.Presentation is different from a class room lecture. Lecture is an interactive activity and a two way communication with possible interruptions, but presentations are one way initially. The audience sits through listening, watching, and taking notes.Here the presenter is focused more in persuading the audience to buy his idea or information.A presentation has a well defined format, where the audience is invited to ask the questions or seek clarification only at the end of the presentation.
Friday, March 18, 2011
ELECTRICAL PRACTICAL FILE
The much awaited electrical file is here ....................
Either view fullscreen here or download from the following link
DOWNLOAD NOW
Either view fullscreen here or download from the following link
DOWNLOAD NOW
Electrical file
View more presentations from Sumit Kumar.
Wednesday, March 16, 2011
CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL FILE (2ND SEM)
Chemistry prac. file as on 15 march 2011.
Download it from the following link
http://www.mediafire.com/?tjj4dlfi8fhgda9
Enjoy........
Download it from the following link
http://www.mediafire.com/?tjj4dlfi8fhgda9
Enjoy........
Friday, March 11, 2011
PHYSICS ASSIGNMENT
Latest physics assignment for (2ND SEMESTER)IP University
It is provided here but if you want to download it you can go to
http://adf.ly/luDn
NOTE : IT TAKES TOO MUCH TIME TO DOWNLOAD, SOME OBSCENE IMAGES MIGHT BE VISIBLE...
SO ITS BETTER TO WATCH FULLSCREEN HEREPhysics Assignment
It is provided here but if you want to download it you can go to
http://adf.ly/luDn
NOTE : IT TAKES TOO MUCH TIME TO DOWNLOAD, SOME OBSCENE IMAGES MIGHT BE VISIBLE...
SO ITS BETTER TO WATCH FULLSCREEN HEREPhysics Assignment
Wednesday, March 9, 2011
ITP PRACTICAL FILE & ASSIGNMENTS
ITP file as on 8 march 2011, further updates will be uploaded, the outputs, assingment solution, c interview questions will be uploaded within 4 to 5 days.
Keep visiting for any update....
Note: you can download it from http://docs.com/AY65 and zoom or rotate the images.
ITP_FILEv2.1Saturday, March 5, 2011
SCORE HIGH IN ELECTRICAL SCIENCE
Previous Year First Sessional Qusetion Paper
CS AND ES papers go check them out and score high.....
Question Papers
CS AND ES papers go check them out and score high.....
Question Papers
Friday, March 4, 2011
Thursday, March 3, 2011
ITP
PREVIOUS YEAR ITP FIRST SESSIONAL QUESTION PAPER
For all those who think they have completed the syllabus and for those also who haven't (atleast now you 2nd types will know what's coming)
njoy.........
Wednesday, March 2, 2011
LAST MINUTE HELP!!(ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES NOTES)
ARE U RAMMED BY THE 2 TON CHEMISTRY BOOK NOT A PROBLEM,
FOR ALL YOU BUNK FREAKS ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES NOTES............... ENJOY
ITS AN POWER POINT PRESENTATION BUT YOU CAN ALSO DOWNLOAD IT..
IF YOU WANT MORE POST A COMMENT I'LL PROVIDE YOU...............
